477 research outputs found
MicroRNAs and cancer: what we know and what we still have to learn
A report on the Keystone Symposia on MicroRNAs and Cancer, Keystone, Colorado, USA, 10-15 June 2009
The Interaction Between Two Worlds: MicroRNAs and Toll-Like Receptors
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of posttranscriptional regulation via their targeting of the imperfect antisense complementary regions of coding and non-coding transcripts. Recently, researchers have shown that miRNAs play roles in many aspects of regulation of immune cell function by targeting of inflammation-associated genes, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Besides this indirect regulatory role of miRNAs, they can also act as physiological ligands of specific TLRs and initiate the signaling cascade of immune response. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of miRNAs in regulation of TLR gene expression and TLR signaling, with a focus on the ability of miRNAs bind to TLRs
Genetic control of mammalian T-cell proliferation with a synthetic RNA regulatory system - illusion or reality?
Synthetic RNA-based regulatory systems are used to program higher-level biological functions that could be exploited, among many applications, for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Chen and colleagues have recently reported a significant technological advance by producing an RNA modular device based on a hammerhead ribozyme and successfully tested its ability to control the proliferation of mammalian T lymphocytes. Like all exciting research, this work raises a lot of significant questions. How quickly will such knowledge be translated into clinical practice? How efficient will this system be in human clinical trials involving adaptive T-cell therapy? We discuss the possible advantages of using such new technologies for specific therapeutic applications
MicroRNA history : discovery, recent applications and next frontiers
We thank the Department of Scientific Publications at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for English language
editing of the manuscript.Since 1993, when the first small non-coding RNA was identified, our knowledge about microRNAs has grown exponentially. In this review, we focus on the main progress in this field and discuss the most important findings under a historical perspective. In addition, we examine microRNAs as markers ofdisease diagnosis and prognosis, and as new therapeutic targets.M.I.A is supported by a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/47031/2008) from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) from Portugal.
G.A.C. is supported as a Fellow at The University of Texas MD Anderson
Research Trust, as a Fellow of The University of Texas System Regents Research Scholar, and by the CLL Global Research Foundation.
Work in Dr. Calin’s laboratory was supported in part by NIH, by DoD, by 2009 Seena Magowitz – Pancreatic Cancer Action Network – AACR Pilot Grant and by the U.S./European Alliance for the Therapy
of CLL
Ultraconserved Enhancers Roles in Cancer
https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1164/thumbnail.jp
The Genomic and Transcriptomic Landscape of Ultra-Conserved miR-142 in Hematological Malignancies
Department of Translational Molecular Pathology Department of Experimental Therapeutics Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicinehttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1053/thumbnail.jp
The Involvement of miR-21 in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Richter Transformation
https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp23/1050/thumbnail.jp
MicroRNAs and metastases--the neuroblastoma link
[Excerpt] MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression
post-transcriptionally. These small RNAs are fundamental regulators of several cellular processes, such as differentiation,
development, apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation and metabolism, through the binding to 3' untranslated regions,
coding sequence or 5' untranslated regions
of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), preventing their translation or causing their
degradation.1
A modest change in only
one miRNA will affect multiple mRNA
targets; consequently, the deregulation
of miRNAs has important consequences
to the cellular homeostatic stability, and
aberrant miRNAs expression patterns have
been described in several types of cancer.2
Recently, miRNAs have been implicated
in the metastatic process of several tumors
such as human breast and colorectal
cancers3
and, as reported this issue of
Cancer Biology & Therapy by Guo et al.
in neuroblastoma.4
These are extracranial
solid tumors, arising from neural crest
cells, that are most common in infants
and children; metastasis, the main cause
of death, is present at the time of diagnosis in approximately 60% of patients. (5) [...
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